Plaque buildup in arteries outside the heart – commonly in the legs – causes muscle fatigue, cramping, color changes and non-healing wounds.

Plaque in carotid arteries increases stroke risk. Symptoms like sudden weakness, facial droop or slurred speech need immediate emergency evaluation.

Restricted blood flow to kidneys causes high blood pressure, reduced kidney function and smaller kidney size.

Narrowing of the subclavian artery may cause dizziness or lightheadedness – especially when using arms overhead – due to blood being “stolen” from the brain.

Plaque in arteries supplying the intestines can cause post-meal pain, diarrhea and weight loss due to reduced blood flow.

Weakening of artery walls leads to expansion, increasing rupture risk. Screening for aneurysms is advised, especially for older smokers.

Clots in leg veins obstruct blood flow, causing swelling, redness and pain. Certain conditions, genetics and inactivity increase clot risk.

Compression of leg veins increases clot risk, causing swelling and heaviness in the legs.

A blood clot from the leg can travel to the lungs, causing shortness of breath, chest pain and fainting. Large clots are life-threatening and require emergency care.

Compression of the artery, vein or nerve passing from the chest to the arm can reduce blood flow, causing numbness and tingling. Conservative or surgical treatment may be needed.

Cold triggers small blood vessels in fingers and toes to constrict, leading to painful color changes.